Controller for electric motors.



No. 791.886. PATENTED JUNE 6, 1905. A. G. EASTWOOD.

CONTROLLER FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED SBPT.16. 1904. SSHEETS SHBET 1 25 WWW r r r f' I P-"PI 71'! la c/CZ Qty/1 00mi,

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No. 791.886. PATENTED JUNE 6, 1905.

- A. O. EASTWOOD.

CONTROLLER FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 16, 1904.

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PATENTED JUNE 6, 1905.

A. C. EASTWOOD.

CONTROLLER FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS.

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APPLICATION FILED SEPT.18, 1904.

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Patented June 6, 1905.

PATENT OEEIcE.

ARTHUR C. EASTIVOOD, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

CONTROLLER FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 791,886, dated June 6,1905.

Application filed September 16, 1904. Serial No. 224,709.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, ARTHUR C. EASTWOOD, a citizen of the United States,residing in Cleveland, Ohio, have invented certain Improvements inControllers for Electric Motors, (Case C,) of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to means for controlling electric motors employedto drive large pieces of machinery-such, for instance, asprinting-presses of large capacity.

One object of the invention is to provide a system by means of which thespeed of a motor may be reliably controlled from any one of a number ofpoints at any convenient distance from the motor, and that with aminimum amount of complication.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for preventing thetoo rapid cutting out of the motor starting resistance, thereby avoidingabnormal flow of current, as well as excessive mechanical strains, whichmight prove injurious to the driven machine, such as a complicatedprinting-press, in which it is essential that all the parts bemaintained in proper alinement.

A further object of my invention is to provide means whereby thedriving-motor may be stopped in a minimum of time, it being also desiredto provide means whereby the motor will be protected from injury by thesudden restoration of current-flow after said current has beeninterrupted.

These objects I attain as hereinafter set forth, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic Viewillustrating the apparatus and connections comprising my invention. Fig.2 is a front elevation of a portion of the switchboard employed in myinvention, the same illustrating the arrangement ofmagnetically-operated switches, as well as the mechanism for operatingthe same; and Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the switchboard andapparatus illustrated in Fig. 2.

The specific embodiment of my invention comprises a movable magnet foroperating in succession and at a predetermined speed a series ofswitches, whereby resistance in the armature and field circuits of anelectric motor may be gradually cut out of or into circuit and the speedof such motor accelerated accordingly. This magnet may be moved in anumber of ways, and my invention includes, broadly, any means for movingthis magnet back and forth, for cutting out after the motor has startedand for cutting in when it is desired to stop the same the resistanceplaced in the armature-winding, and for cutting in as the speed oi themotor is accelerated and winding f. For controlling the operation ofthis motor I provide a bank R of armature resistance and a bank 9* offield resistance, there being also an auxiliary bank of resistance Rdesigned to be connected in short circuit with the armature when it isdesired to bring the motor to a standstill. For controlling the amountof the starting resistance R in circuit I provide a number of switches,in the present instance eight, (indicated by the reference-letters R toIt", inclusive,) one terminal of all these switches being connected to acommon line in turn connected to a main switch S, while their secondterminals are connected to various points on the bank of resistance It.For controlling the amount of the resistance '2 in circuit with thefield-winding of the motor I provide a series of switches to 0'inclusive, and, as in the case of the above mentioned armatureresistance switches, the lower terminals are all connected together,while their upper terminals are connected to the various points of theresistance r. For controlling the operation of the switches It to It,inclusive, and to 9"", inclusive, I provide a traveling magnet B, whosebase is formed to travel in a guideway 7), suitably supported onstandards Z), carried by a switchboard C or other suitable means. Thebase of said magnet B is formed as a nut, through which passes athreaded rod-d, carried in suit- In Figs. 2 and 3 it will be noted thatthe switch R which is typical of all of the switches R to R inclusive,and r to 0 inclusive, is of such construction that it is normallymaintained in an open position, but may be closed when the poles b and bof the magnet B are brought opposite the pivoted bar r, whose lowerportion serves as an armature for said magnet and whose upper part isprovided with a main contact r and an a'uX iliary contact r forengagement with fixed contacts 1* and W, respectively. These twouppercontacts form one terminal of'theswitch, while the pivotal support1' forms the second terminal.

As will be seen by reference to Fig. 2, the pole-faces of the magnet Bare made sufliciently wide to span the armatu'res of at leasttwoadjacentswitches, so that as said magnet travels along the bank ofswitches it will always maintain one-switcha't least in aclosedposition.

Fixed to and. traveling with the magnet B is'an arm E, carrying in thepresent instance six contact-brushes e to e inclusive, which engage,respectively, with contact-strips c to c, inclusive, carried upon aplate of insulating material =0 supported on the i ra'meworkb'. It willnoted that of these contact-strips the strip c 'cloes not extend quiteto the end of the board, as do the remainder, while the strip 0 issimilarly shorter thantheremainder of the strips-attheoppositeend of theboard. While the strips 0 and =c are both in the same line, so as to :beengaged atdi'iferent times by the bru-she, there is a considerable spacebetween them, which, it will be noted, is equal to :the space'withi'nwihich the'switches R 'and R are supported, it being desired that thesaid brush shall not be broughtinto engagement with the strip c untilthe magnet has caused operation of all of said-switches. From Fig. 1 itwill be seen that certain of the brushes 6 to 6 inelusive, are connectedin groups, the brush-0 being connected to the brush 6 the brushes 5, cand a being .all connected to each other, and the brush e'connected toone end of the winding of the magnet B, whose second end is connected tothe two brushes .6 and c.

.S, S and S -are electromagnetic switches provided with means 'fornormally retaining them in their open position, and it will be seen thatthe coil of the first of these switches is connected between thecontact-strip candthe positivepole'ofswitoh S, while'the'ends of thecoil of switch S are connected across the terminals of themotor-armature A. One terminal of the switch S is connected to thepositive pole of the main switch, while its'second terminal is connectedto the point of junction of theser ies field-winding F and the end ofthe bank of resistance R. The switch S which is designed toautomatically short-circuit the armature A through the resistance R, isconnected between the armature terminals. Switch S has one of itsterminals connected to that terminal of the armature A which is inconnection with the negative pole of switch S, while its second terminalis connected to the contact-strip 0*. One end of its actuatingcoil isconnected to this latter terminal and may be connected to the upperterminal when the switch itself is closed through an auxiliary switch s.The opposite end of said coil is connected to contact strip c.

In addition to the three automatic switches above mentioned there is aswitchS, normally maintained in its closed position by a spring orequivalent device and provided with a coil for opening it, which has oneend connected to contact-strip cand the other-connected to'contact-strip c". The terminals of this switchare respectivelyconnected to the positive terminal of switch S and to the :lineconnecting one end of the shunt field-windingza-nd one end of the fieldresistance r, the second'end of said resistance being connected to thelower terminals of all of the switches R &c.,and r, &c.,:and from thenceto the positive pole of the main switch. The second end of theshunt-field is connected to the negative terminal of the same switch.

For the purpose of controlling from a distance the apparatus heretoforedescribed I provide one or any numbertin the present instance three) ofcontrolling-switches G, G,-and G together with five automatic switches,whereby the-small motor A may begoverned. The switches S S S and Sconstitute'areversing device for this motor, while the switch S whoseactuating-coil is connected across the terminals of the armature of saidmotor, serves to short-circuit the same through a band of brakingresistance r. It will be seen that the construction of the switch Gisrsuch that the contact-brush g on its movable arm will when said armis in a vertical position electrically connect twosegments -'8 and 9.andwill when the arm is moved to the extreme right connect these twosegments to a third segment 11. When the arm is :moved a short distancetoward the left from its central position, its brush connects the twosegments 8 and 9 to a fourth segment 10 and when moved to its extremeleft hand position will connect segments 8 and l0'a'nd opencircuit-segment 9. It will further be noted that all of the segments 10are connected together and to one end of the actuating-coil of switchesS and S, while the segments 11 are similarly connected to each other andto one endof the coils of'switches S and S The second ends of theselatter coils are-connected to contactstrip 0 while the second ends ofcoils of the switches S and S are connected to contactstrips 0 Thesegment 8 of s-witch G is connected to the positive terminal of the mainswitch S, while segment 9 is connected to segment 8 of switch G. Segment9 of this second switch is similarly connected to segment 8 of switch Gwhile segment 9 of this last switch is connected to contact-switch 0. Ipreferably provide locking-bars L, L, L and L between the blades ofswitches S to S, inclusive, in order that but one pair of them or elsethe short-circuiting switch S by itself may be in the closed position atany one time, there being similarly a locking-bar L* between the bladesof switches S and S.

Under operating conditions the closing of the main switch S permitscurrent to flow from it to segment 8 of controlling-switch G through thebrush on the contact-arm of this switch to segment 9, and so throughcontrolling-switches G and G to segment9 of the latter switch. From herethe current flows to the actuating-coil of switch S", to contact-strip0", through brushes 0 and to contact-strip c and from thence to thenegative terminal of the main switch. This causes the switch S to close,and the negative end of its coil is thereby connected to the negativeterminal of the main switch through the auxiliary switch .5, so thateven though the contact-arm E open circuits the contact-strip c the coilof switch S will remain energized. It will be seen that the closing ofswitch S permits current to flow from the main switch S through switchesG, G, and G to contact-strip c, contact-brush c, magnet B, contact-brushe", contact-strip a", switch S, and so to the negative terminal of themain switch. The energization of the magnet B causes switch R" to close,thereby completing the circuit from the positive terminal of the mainswitch through switch R armature resistance K, series field-winding F,armature A, and so to the negative terminal of the main switch. Sincethe switch S" is normally maintained in its closed position by itsweight or spring, as soon as the main switch is closed current will flowthrough said switch S to the shunt field-winding of the motor. It nowone of the controlling-switches, as G, has its operating-arm movedtoward the right, current will flow from the main switch through segment8, brush segment 11 to the coils of switches S and S and from thesecoils to contact-strip 0 brushes e and c on contactarm E tocontact-strip c, and thence to the negative terminal of the main switch.As a consequence of this, switches S and S close, thereby permittingcurrent to flow from the main switch through switch S armature of motorA, switch S and thence to the negative terminal of the main switch, itbeing noted that the field-winding of this small motor A is permanentlyconnected across the terminals of the main switch. The operation ofmotor A turns the threaded rod (Z and causes the magnet B, with itscontact-arm E, to travel along the switchboard, thereby causing theswitches R to R, inclusive, to successively close, and consequently cutout the resistance R from the armature-circuit of the main motor. By thetime the magnet B has caused the switch R to close brush 0 has come intocontact with the strip 0, with the result that the negative end of thecoil of switch S will be connected to the negative terminal of the mainswitch, it being noted that the opposite end of this coil is permanentlyconnected to the positive terminal of said main switch. The energizationof the coil of switch S causes it to close, so that the terminal of thearmatureA will remain in connection with the positive terminal of themain switch, even though magnet B is moved so as to permit the switch Rto open. It will be further noted that the connection of thecontact-strip c with the negative terminal of the main switch willresult in the energization of the coil of switch S", which switch willbe opened, so that the connection of the shunt-field winding f of themotor to the positive supply-main is completed through switch 0*, whichis similarly closed by the magnet B. As the operation of the motor A iscontinued, the various sections of field resistance '2' are successivelycut into circuit by the closing of the switches r to 0' inclusive,until, finally, when the last switch is closed all of the resistance isin circuit with the shunt-field of the motor, which consequently isoperating at full speed. If now the motor A still continues to operate,the brush 6 moves off of the contactstrip 0 with the result that thecoils of switches and S are open-circuited and said switches arepermitted to open, thereby cutting off current from the small motor, andso stopping further movement of the traveling magnet B. It now theoperating-arm of switch G be returned to its vertical position, thecondition above noted still continues, although it will be seen that assoon as switches S and S open the switch S closes, owing to theexcitation of its coil by the counter electromotive force of thearmature of the motor This short-circuits the armature of this motorthrough the braking resistance 0*, thereby quickly bringing said motorto a standstill. When the operating-arm of the switch G is moved to theleft of its vertical position, the coils of switches S" and S areenergized, closing said switches and causing current to be supplied tothe motor A in such a direction as to reverse its rotation, andconsequently cause the traveling magnet to be coils of switchesS and S.Should the operating-arm of the switch G be moved to its extremeleft-hand position while the main motor is in operation, the circuits ofthe magnet B and of the coils of the switches S', S and S will beopened, thus breaking the circuit of the main motor and allowing theswitch S to close under the action of its coil, which is constantlyenergized by the counter electromotive force of the armature A. Saidarmature is thus short-circuited througlr the resistance R and is veryquickly brought to a standstill. Since the switch S is'open, thecontact-strip 0 is dead, so that in order to again start the motor it isnecessary that the magnet B be moved to the full off position shown inFig. 1, so that said magnet, as well as coils of switches S and Sficanbe again supplied with current. If while the main motor is in operationthe voltage of the supply-circuit should fail, the switch S will open,thus opening the circuits of magnet B and of its own coil, as well asthe coil of switch S. This permits the braking-switch S to close andbrings the motor-armature quickly to rest, as above noted. Should thevoltage he suddenly restored, the switch S will remain open until themagnet B, with its contact-arm E, be returned to its starting position,with the brush 6 in engagement with contact-strip 0 such returning ofsaid traveling magnet being accomplished by moving the operatingarm ofany of the switches Gr, Gr, or Gr to its extreme left-hand position.This supplies current to the coils of switches S and S", closing saidswitches and supplying current to motor A in such a direction that itreturns the magnet B to its full off or starting position as required,when the main motor may again be started.

It will be noted that since the rapidity of cutting out the resistanceto accelerate the main motor depends on the gearing as well as on thespeed of the motor A, said resistance cannot be too quickly cut out, andconsequently the said main motor is most completely protected frominjury.

While I have shown but three switches, G, G, and G, for controlling theoperation of my system, it is obvious that any desired number may beemployed without in any way departing from my invention, the number andlocation being determined by the convenience of operation.

I claim as my invention- 1. A system for controlling electric motors,the same including a series of switches, apparatus controlled by saidswitches for governing the current-flow to the motor, and a travelingmagnet having means whereby it is moved relatively to the motorcontrolled, and constructed to act successively upon said switches tooperate the same, substantially as described.

2. A system including an electric motor and apparatus for governing thespeed of said motor, said apparatus including a traveling magnet, and aseries of switches having movable elements placed to be successivelyactuated by said member, substantially as described.

3. A controlling system for electric motors including current-limitingmeans, a series of switches for controlling the introduction of saidmeans into circuit, and a traveling magnet for operating said switches,substantially as described.

4. A controlling system for electric motors including a bank ofresistance, switches connected to control said resistance and a magnetmovable adjacent to said switches for closing the same, substantially asdescribed.

5. A controlling system for electric motors including a plurality ofbanks of resistance, a plurality of series of switches connected tocontrol the placing of the resistance in circuit, a magnet constructedto successively operate said switches and means for traversing saidmagnet adjacent to the switches, substantially as described.

6. A controlling system for electric motors including a series ofswitches, a movable magnet for successively operating said switches, athreaded bar operatively connected to said magnet and means foractuating said bar, substantially as described.

7. A system including an electric motor, controlling resistance for thesame, a series of switches governing the amount of the resistance incircuit and a traveling magnet having means whereby it actuates saidswitches in succession, substantially as described.

8. A controlling system for electric motors including a bank ofresistance, a series of normally open switches connected to saidresistance, a movable magnet for successively actuating said switchesand means for operating said magnet, substantially as described.

9. A controlling system for electric motors including a bank ofresistance, switches connected to said resistance, a series ofcontactstrips, a movable magnet for operating said switches and contactscarried by said magnet in engagement with said contact-strips,substantially as described.

10. A controlling system for electric motors including a bank ofresistance, switches connected to govern said resistance including aswitch for cutting out the entire bank of resistance, a magnet movableadjacent to said switches, contact-strips, and brushes carried by themagnet in engagement with the contact-strips, substantially asdescribed.

11. A controlling system for electric motors including a main motor, abank of armature resistance and a bank of field resistance for saidmotor, switches for controlling said resistance, an auxiliary motor, anda magnet controlled by said auxiliary motor and placed to operate saidswitches, substantially as de scribed.

IIO

12. A controlling system for electric motors including a main motor,armature and field resistance for said motor, switches controlling saidresistance, a traveling magnet, and means for traversing said magnetadjacent to the switches to cause their successive operation,substantially as described.

13. A controlling system for electric motors including a motor, twobanks of resistance for the same, a magnet, switches for controlling theresistance and arranged to be successively operated by said magnet, aswitch for cutting out one bank of resistance after the magnet haspassed the switches of the same, a switch for cutting out the other bankofresistance during the progressive cutting out of the first bank, andmeans for cutting in said second bank of resistance progressively afterthe first bank has been cut out, substantially as de scribed.

14. A controlling system for electric motors including a bank ofresistance", a series of switches for cutting successive sections of thesame out of circuit, a switch for cutting out all of the resistance, atraveling magnet for successively actuating said resistance-con trollingswitches and means for causing the action of said cutting-out switchafter the operation of said controlling-switches, substantially asdescribed.

15. A system including an electric motor and apparatus for controllingthe speed thereof, the same including a traveling n'iagnet, mechanismactuated thereby, and a plurality of switches for controlling thecurrent-flow to said magnet, substantially as described.

16. A system including an electric motor and apparatus for controllingthe speed of said motor, the same including a traveling magnet,apparatus actuated thereby, and an auxiliary motor for moving saidmagnet, substantially as described.

I 17. A system including an electric motor and apparatus for controllingthe speed of said motor, the same includinga travelingmagnet, apparatusactuated thereby, and an auxiliary motor for moving said magnet, withmeans for automatically braking said auxiliary motor When it isdisconnected from its source of current-supply, substantially asdescribed.

18. A system including an electric motor and apparatus for controllingthe speed of said motor,the same including a traveling member, apparatusactuated thereby, and an auxiliary motor for moving said member,substantially as described.

19. A system including an electric motor and apparatus for controllingthe speed of said motor,the same including a traveling member, apparatusactuated by said member, an auxiliary motor for moving the member, andreversing apparatus for said auxiliary motor, substantially asdescribed.

20. A system including an electric motor and apparatus for controllingthe speed of said motor,the same including a traveling member, apparatusactuated thereby, an auxiliary motor for moving the member, and meansfor reversing said auxiliary motor including a plurality of automaticswitches, and a switch for governing the action of said automaticswitches, substantially as described.

21. A system including an electric motor and apparatus for controllingthe operation of said motor including a traveling magnet,mechanismactuated thereby, an auxiliary motor for moving the magnet, and a switchconnected to control the current-flow to the magnet and to saidauxiliary motor, sustantially as described.

22. A system including an electric motor and apparatus for controllingthe operation of said motor including a traveling magnet, mechanismactuated thereby, an auxiliary motor for moving the magnet, and aplurality of switches connected to control the current-flow to themagnet and to said auxiliary motor, substantially as described.

23. A system including an electric motor and apparatus for controllingthe operation of said motor including a traveling member, switchesactuated thereby, an auxiliary mo tor for moving said member, and aswitch connected to cause the auxiliary motor to operate in onedirection when said switch is in one position, and to operate in theopposite direction when the switch is in another position, substantiallyas described.

24. A system including an electric motor and apparatus for controllingthe operation of said motor, the same including a traveling magnet,switches actuated thereby, an auxiliary motor for moving the magnet, aseries of automatic switches for controlling the operation of saidauxiliary motor, and a hand-operated switch or switches havingconnections arranged to cause the automatic switches to supply currentto operate the auxiliary motor in either direction, either with orwithout energizing said traveling magnet, substantially as described.

25. A system including an electric motor and apparatus for controllingthe operation thereof including aspeed-regulating switch or switches, amovable electromagnet constructed to govern the operation of said switchor switches, and ahand-operated switch for controlling the energizationof said electromagnet, substantially as described.

26. A system including an electric motor and apparatus for controllingthe speed thereof including a bank of resistance, a movableelectromagnetic device for controlling the placing of said resistance incircuit, an automatic switch governing the operation of said device, andmeans for controlling the actuation of said automatic switch,substantially as described.

27. A system including an electric motor, apparatus for con trolling theoperation thereof. including a series of switchesand amovableelectromagnetic device forcausin'gthe-op eration of said switches, anautomatic switch controlling said device, and a plurality ofhand-operated switches connected to govern said automatic switch,substantially as described.

28. A system including an electric motor, a series ofresistance-controlling switches therefor, a traveling magnet foroperating said, switches, and a plurality ofhand-operated switchesconnected to control the operation of the traveling magnet,substantially as described.

29. A system including an electric motor, and meansfor controlling theoperation thereof, including a series of switches connected to varythe-current-flow in themotor-circuit, and a bodily-movable deviceconstructed to cause theoperation of those of said switches to which itis adjacent WhileIeaV-ing inopera tivethose switches of the seriesonbothsidesof it, substantially as described.

30; A system including an electric motor, armature and field resistancetherefor, switches connected to-control the amount of said fieldresistance in circuit,,a bodily-movable device for successivelyoperating said switches and automatic apparatus for maintaining thearmature-circuit complete wliilesaid device is operating on thefield-resistancecontrolling switches, substantially as described.

31. A system including an electric motor, means-for governingthecurrent-flow thereto, a series of switches lyingin substantially thesame plane for controlling the introduction of said: means into circuit,and a bodily-movable device for successively operating said switches,substantially asdescribed.

32. A system including an electric motor,

a bank of resistance for controlling the cur-- rent-flow to the-motor,aseries of switches ,including abank of resistance, switches conarrangedina line for saidresistance, a traveli'ngmember'for operating saidswitches, and

a motor for operating said member, substantially as described.

33. A system including an electric motor, a

series of resistance-controlling switchestherefor, a series-ofcontact-strips adjacent to said switches, a travehng member foroperating the switches, contacts carried by said mem her and engagingsaid contact-strips, with ap-- paratus connected to the contact -stripsfor controlling theoperation of said member, substantially as described.

34. A current-controlling system including abank of resistance andswitches connected thereto, a device directly operativev upon saidswitches for actuating the same, a contact-arm carried by said device,acontact-piece engaged by said arm, and meansin circuit with saidcontact piece and arm for governing the operation of theswitch-operating device, substantially as described.

35. A current-controlling system including switches, a contact-armcarried by said mag-- net, a contact strip or strips engaged by saidarm, and apparatusin circuit with said contact strip and arm-forgoverning the operation of the magnet, substantially as described.

36. A current-controlling system including a motor, apparatus forgoverning the currentfiow to the motor, a series oflongitudinallyextending contact-strips connected to said apparatus, amovable'member having a contact or series ofcontacts in engagement withsaid strips, an auxiliary motor in circuit with a strip-or strips formoving the member, and resistance-controlling switches placed to beoperated by'said member, with-means including a strip or strips arrangedto cause the auxiliary motor tobecome inactive when all of theresistance-controlling switches have been operated, substantially asdescribed.

37. A current-controlling system including a motor,apparatusforgovcrning thecurrentflow to themotor, a series oflongitudinallyextending contact-strips connected to said apparatus,amova-ble member having acontact or series of contacts in engagementwith said strips, and a device carried by said movable member'foractuating certain of' the apparatus, substantially as described.

38. Acontrolling system for electric motors including a plurality ofbanks of resistance, switches for controllingthe introduction ofresistance into circuit, a switch for cutting'out one of the banks ofresistance, a traveling member for successively actuating-theresistance-controlling switches, and means for causing action of saidcutting-out switch after the operation of the controlling-switchesbelonging to said first bank of resistance, substan- ;tially asdescribed.

39. A controlling system for electriomotors:

nected to'controlthe introduction ofsaid re-- sistance into circuit,and: a: device movable gadjacent tosaid switches for causingoperaationof the same, substantially as described- 40. A systemincluding an, electric motor, and apparatus for controlling thecurrent-flow to said'motor, said apparatusincludinga seriesofresistance-controlling switches, a movable mem berfor causingoperation of said switches, an auxiliarymotor for moving said member,with means for controlling the operation of said auxiliary motor, thesame including a device for quickly stopping said auxiliary mo-- tiallyas described.

41. A system including an electricmot'or, means for controllingthecurrent-fiow thereto, switchesfor governing theintroduction of saidmeans into circuit, a traveling member for operating said switches,a-motorfor moving said member, a series of automatic switches for saidauxiliary motor, anda switch: for con-- I tor when its current-supply iscutoff, su bstantrolling said automatic switches, said apparatusincluding connections for short-circuiting the auxiliary motor uponitself when it is cut off from the current-supply mains, substantiallyas described.

42. A system including an electric motor, resistance,switchescontrolling said resistance, and a traveling member for operating saidswitches, with a motor for moving said member, automatic switchesconnected to cause operation of the auxiliary motor in either direction,a switch for short-circuitingsaid motor upon itself, and a hand-operateddevice for governing the flow of current through the coils of certain ofsaid switches, substantially as described.

a3. The combination of a motor, a bank of resistance, a series ofswitches connected thereto, a traveling device for actuating saidswitches, a series of contact-strips extending adjacent to the switches,a series of contactlingers placed to engage said strips and carried bysaid traveling member, an auxiliary motor for the traveling member, withmeans for preventing the starting up of the main motor except when thetraveling member is in its starting position, substantially asdescribed.

4A. A system including a motor, a series of controlling-switches for thesame, a traveling member for causing successive operation of saidswitches, contacts carried by said member, contact-strips extendingadjacent to the switches and engaged by said contacts, an auxiliarymotor for operating said traveling member, and an automatic switchconnected to shunt certain of the controlling-switches, the same havingits actuating-coil in circuit with a contact strip or strips,substantially as described.

45. A system includingaseries of switches, a series of contact-strips ofdiflerentlengths, a traveling member for operating the switches, saidmember being provided with contacts engaging said strips, a motor formoving said traveling member, and automatic controllingswitches for saidmotor, the coils of said switches being in circuit with contactstripsconstructed to open-circuit said coils when the traveling memberapproaches the ends of its path of motion, substantially as described.

46. A system including a current-actuated device, a series of resistancecontrolling switches having acommon actuating-coil, apparatus includinga hand-operated switch or switches constructed to cause operation ofsaid resistance-switches, and a switch for automatically cutting offcurrent to the coil of the resistance-switches when the voltage of thesupplycircuit falls below a predetermined minimum, substantially asdescribed.

L7. A system including a motor, a series of switches connected to governthe operation thereof, means for including one of said switches S afterthe motor has been started,

thereof, one of said switches being included in the circuit of the coilof another switch, and the coil of said first switch having a pluralityof lines through which its circuit may be completed, one of said linesincluding an auxiliary switch operated by the operation of the firstswitch, and the other including controlling mechanism for governing theoperation of said second switch, substantially as described.

a9. A system including a motor, a series of switches connected to governthe operation thereof, one of said switches being included in thecircuit of the coil of another switch, and the coil of said first switchhaving a plurality of lines through which its circuit may be completed,with a switch connected to automatically short-circuit themotor-armature, and means for preventing said lirst switch and theshort-circuiting switch both being in a closed position at the sametime, substantially as described.

50. A system including a motor, currentlimiting means therefor, aplurality of switches for governing said means, a traveling magnetcontrolling said switches, and an automatic switch in circuit with themagnet for opencircuiting the same when the voltage of thesupply-circuit falls below a predetermined minimum, substantially asdescribed.

51. A system including a motor, currentlimiting means therefor, aplurality of switches for governing said means, a traveling magnetcontrolling said switches, an automatic switch in circuit with themagnet for open-circuiting the same when the voltage of thesupplycircuit drops below a predetermined minimum, and a hand-operatedcontrolling switch or switches for said magnet, substantially asdescribed.

52. A system including a motor, currentlimiting apparatus thereforincluding a plurality of switches, a bodily-movable member for operatingsaid switches, an auxiliary motor for moving said member, means forcontrolling the same, and a circuit including apparatus forautomatically short circuiting the armature of the main motor when thecurrentflow thereto is cut off, substantially as described.

53. A system including a motor, currentlimiting apparatus thereforincluding a plurality of switches, a bodily-movable member for operatingsaid switches, an auxiliary motor for moving said member, and a circuitincluding apparatus for automatically shortcircuiting the armature ofthe main motor when the current-flow thereto is cut off, with apparatusfor controlling the auxiliary n10- tor including means for automaticallyshortsubstantially as described.

54:. A system including'a motor, currentlimiting means therefor,switches-for governing the introduction of said means into circuit, aswitch in shunt to said first switches, and means for automaticallycausing operation of said shunt-switch when said currentlimiting meanshas been cut out, substantially as described.

55. A system including a motor, armature and field resistance therefor,switches for governing the placing of said resistance in circuit, adevice for automatically operating said switches, a switch in shunt tothe armature resistance, and means actuated by said switch-operatingdevice for causing operation of said shunt-switch when the armatureresistance has been cut out, substantially-as described.

56. A system including a motor, armature and field resistance therefor,switchesfor governing the placing of said resistance in circuit,switches respectively in shunt to said two bodies of resistance, withautomatic means for causing closing of one of the shuntswitches andopening of the other when-the armature resistance has been cut out,substantially as described.

57. A system including a motor, armature and field resistance therefor,switches for governing the placing of said resistance in circuit, atraveling device for operating said switches, and means for moving thedevice to first operate switches to cut out thearmature resistance andafterward to cut in the field resistance, substantially as described.

58. A system-including a motor, currentlimiting means therefor, switchesfor governing the placing of said means in circuit, a device foroperating said switches, other switches for governing the current-flowto the motor, and a controller operated by said switch-operating devicefor governing the action of said latter switches, substantially asdescribed.

59. A system including a motor, currentlimiting means therefor, switchesfor governing the placing of said means in circuit, a traveling memberfor operating said switches, other switches for governing thecurrent-flow to the motor, and a controller operated by said travelingmember for governing the action of said latter switches, substantiallyas described.

60. A system including a motor, currentlimiting means therefor, switchesfor governing the placing of said means in circuitya decircuitingit whenits supply-circuit is opened,

vice for operating said switches, a controller actuated by said device,an auxiliary motor for moving the device, and apparatus forantomatically braking said auxiliary motor when said switch-operatingdevice operates the controller to a predetermined point or 'points,substantially as described.

61. A system including a motor, currentlimitingmeanstherefor, switchesfor governing theplacing of said means in circuit, a device foractuating said switches, a controller actuated by said device, anauxiliary motor for moving the device, apparatus for automaticallybraking said auxiliary motor when said switch-actuating device operatesthe controller to a predetermined point or points, and hand-operatedmeans for controlling said auxiliary motor, substantially as described.

62. A system including a motor, a handoperated switch or switches forcontrolling the operation thereof, current-limiting means for the motor,switches for said means, a device for actuating said switches, andapparatus controlled by said hand-operated switch or switches includingconnections suchthat in one position of said latter switch theswitchactuating device operatesto cause positive acceleration of themotor, in a second position causes negative acceleration of the motor,and in a third position operates said device toward its startingposition with the motor on open circuit,-substantially as described.

63. A system including a motor, a handoperated switch for controllingthe same, current-limiting means for the motor, switches for said means,a traveling magnet for actuating said switches and an auxiliary motorcontrolled by the hand-operated switch for moving the magnet, saidhand-switch, the auxiliary motor and themagnet being connected so thatin one position of said switch the auxiliary motor moves the magnet in adirection to cause positive acceleration of the main motor, in anotherposition of the switch the auxiliary motor moves the magnet in adirectionto cause negative acceleration, and in a third positionopen-circuits the magnet and causes the auxiliary motor to move-themagnet to its starting position, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

ARTHUR C. EASTWOOD.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM F. BEATON, MURRAY 0. BOYER.

